Identification of vivianite,an unusual blue pigment,in a sixteenth century painting and its implications

Vivianite, a blue pigment employed in the past practically only in Northern and Central Europe, but with very limited use, was identified in an early sixteenth century painting, stylistically with Flemish features, from a church in Portugal. The identification of this iron phosphate mineral was made by SEM‐EDS based on the atomic ratio between phosphorus and iron in layers of blue paint (area analysis) and in particles of these same layers (spot analysis). This painting, about which there is no document to prove its authorship, becomes the first case, known in detail, of a sixteenth century painting containing vivianite. Moreover, this find and the presence of a chalk ground, also identified, strongly support the hypothesis of being a Flemish painting.     

基于多粒度拓扑图的无线传感器网络逐级精化溯源方法

针对溯源数据分段传输方法要求所有分段准确到达基站（BS）后才能解码，鲁棒性较弱的问题，提出一种无线传感器网络（WSN）溯源逐级精化方法。首先，在BS端利用商空间划分理论将较大的WSN拓扑图划分为由少量抽象节点组成的较粗粒度的拓扑图；然后，利用字典编码溯源的方式分段传输溯源；最后，在BS端根据依次到达的分段进行逐级精化解码，实现了在BS端由粗到细逐级精化解码溯源的过程，且BS可以根据前期解码出的较粗粒度下的溯源信息判断是否放弃此数据还是须采用更细粒度的数据进行深入评估。理论分析、仿真与实验数据均表明，与传统分段方法相比，所提方法平均压缩比提高约51.8%，平均能量消耗降低约50.5%。     

Investigation of the geographical provenance of the beer available in South Korea using multielements and isotopes

Although beer has the largest share of the global alcoholic beverage market, only limited studies of beer have been performed in terms of elemental and isotopic compositions. Here, we measured elemental and isotopic compositions—including carbon and oxygen isotopes as well as ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios—of beers available in South Korea to examine geographical differences. Although most of the elements analyzed in this study were not markedly different between the beer samples, there was a clear distinction in the isotopic compositions of the samples. δ¹³C_DIC values indicated that most of the beer samples were produced from C₃ plants, such as barley or wheat. δ¹⁸O values allowed the samples to be discriminated by latitude, reflecting a negative correlation between latitude and isotopic composition. Similarly, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios were different between the samples due to the bedrock. Statistical analysis of the combination of elemental and isotopic compositions showed a clear difference between the beer samples according to the geographical provenance on a continental scale. This study demonstrated a powerful method for distinguishing diverse beers according to their geographical provenance, and will make an important contribution to research into discrimination of the geographical origin of diverse processed foods available commercially.     

Tomography imaging of South African archaeological and heritage stone and pottery objects

We demonstrate the use of both neutron- and X-ray imaging in two projects. The first project, using both the methods to view the temper in a ceramic sherd in order to model the effect the chemical composition of the temper has on the bulk chemical composition of the sherd showed that X-ray imaging is superior to neutron imaging for a ceramic. The second project, to establish whether apparent incised lines on stone slabs (dated to greater than 180,000 years ago) are natural or artificial, i.e., whether they were deliberately incised or natural, random striations showed conclusively that the incisions are in fact surface manifestations of natural internal fractures in the rock.     

柴达木盆地西部大风山地区古近系下干柴沟组下段物源方向研究

目前普遍认为柴达木盆地西部大风山地区古近系下干柴沟组下段(E13)只发育向西南方向流动的牛鼻子梁物源所形成的冲积扇-河流-辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,对于物源方向的这种认识难以解释以下事实:第一,风2井在E31发育厚层辫状水道砂岩,而位于上倾方向碱1井的对应层位则发育薄、中厚层河口砂坝砂和分流水道砂;第二,在E13沉积时,牛鼻子梁地区是阿尔金山向东南方向延伸的古鼻梁,该古鼻梁是牛鼻子梁以北地区物源向西南方向流动的屏障;第三,牛参1井位于长期继承性发育的一里坪凹陷的西北边缘,大风山地区的古地貌要高于一里坪凹陷;第四,坪东F1断层与坪东F2断层所夹持的区域在E31时是一个继承性发育的小型断陷。在综合研究该地区的钻井、测井、二维地震资料和古地理背景的基础上,首次提出在E13沉积时,大风山地区的物源来自红三旱一号以北地区,而一里坪坳陷是牛鼻子梁物源汇聚区的新认识。这一新认识对于重新认识大风山地区的沉积体系及寻找优质有效碎屑岩储层具有重要的勘探实践意义。     

Petrographical,Mineralogical, and Geochemical Studies on Core-samples From Sidi Salim-1 Well,Nile Delta,Egypt

Abstract

Core samples of sandstone and clay raised from the Neogene succession of Sidi Salim-1 well were petrographically, mineralogically, and geochemically studied with the objective of determining the depositional conditions.

The sandstone is composed of quartz, feldspars of which the deeper sands of Qawasim Formation show some alteration; with rock fragments of volcanic, metamorphic, and sedimentary origin, in addition to altered biotite. These components are embedded in amorphous pyrite, microcrystalline calcite, and primary dolomite, as well as partial cementation by gypsum (mainly in the Pliocene sands).

The clays are composed primarily of montmorillonite, kaolinite, and illite. These clays were provided from mafic igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and intermediate igneous rocks, and were deposited under reducing conditions in a brackish lagoon intermittently receiving varying amounts of fresh water.     

String execution time for finite languages: Max is easy, min is hard

In performance evaluation or supervisory control, we often encounter problems of determining the maximum or minimum string execution time for a finite language when estimating the worst-case or best-case performance. It has been shown in the literature that the time complexity for computing the maximum string execution time for a finite language is polynomial with respect to the size of an automaton recognizer of that language and the dimension of the corresponding resource matrices. In this paper we provide a more efficient algorithm to compute such maximum string execution time. Then we show that it is NP-complete to determine the minimum string execution time.     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源特征及其地质意义

根据砂岩岩石薄片、石英阴极发光和重矿物组合分析,结合沉积构造及地震解释成果,对塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源体系及其演化进行详细分析,确定了物源方向及母岩性质。结果表明:塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源主要来自北部南天山造山带物源区,以岩浆岩和变质岩母岩为主,兼有少量沉积岩物源的影响。其中,塔里奇克组砂岩中陆源碎屑岩岩屑含量较高,阴极发光条件下不发光石英含量较高,重矿物组合具有高锆石、白钛矿和磁铁矿含量以及低石榴子石含量的特征,母岩可能为上奥陶统—上三叠统早期沉积; 阿合组及阳霞组砂岩中岩浆岩岩屑含量升高,重矿物组合以较高的石榴子石含量为特征,阴极发光条件下石英主要为蓝紫色及棕褐色发光,其母岩主要来自二叠系及其下伏地层; 克孜勒努尔组及恰克马克组砂岩中变质岩岩屑含量明显升高,石榴子石含量极高,阴极发光条件下棕褐色发光石英含量增多,表明变质岩母岩的影响增强。晚三叠世—中侏罗世,研究区物源区母岩演化具有明显规律性,即晚三叠世受较多沉积岩母岩影响,早侏罗世岩浆岩母岩供给增多,中侏罗世以变质岩母岩为主。晚三叠世,库车坳陷东部南天山造山带大幅抬升,导致大量变质岩母岩卷入造山带遭受剥蚀; 早—中侏罗世,南天山造山带中段构造活动具有东西分段的特点,吐格尔明30团剖面以东早侏罗世砂岩率先具有高石榴子石含量的特点,而西部地区中侏罗世砂岩才大量出现石榴子石,表明南天山造山带中段的虎拉山及额尔宾山在早侏罗世隆升-剥蚀强烈,而哈尔克山在中侏罗世才进入强烈抬升期。     

关于几类具有Kleene*-运算的半环

Kleene代数在计算机科学中具有基础而特殊的重要性。在计算机工程应用中,Kleene代数及相关*-半环已被成功应用于基础安全分析、底层程序变换以及并行控制等许多领域。本文定义了几类具有Kleene*-运算的半环,给出了相关的等价刻画,并研究了这些*-半环之间的关系。     

数据起源技术发展研究综述*

在总结国内外相关文献基础上,系统介绍了数据起源的概念、内容及其主要应用,介绍了数据起源的基础研究和开放环境下两个典型的形式化模型,然后介绍了其在数据库和工作流及其他领域的应用,对现有成熟的起源管理系统进行了分析和比较,最后展望了数据起源技术的发展方向。